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Free Networking Lab Images From Arista, Cisco, nVidia (Cumulus)

Ethan Banks · 12 minutes to read
Published March 30, 2021 · Updated May 3, 2022

Here’s my current list of no cost, minimal headache, easily obtainable networking images that work in a virtual lab environment such as EVE-NG or GNS3. My goal is to clearly document what these images are and how to obtain them, as this data is less obvious than I’d like.

I missed some. Probably a bunch. Let me know on the Packet Pushers Slack channel or Twitter DM, and I’ll do additional posts or update this list over time. Make sure your recommendations are for images which are freely available from the vendor for lab use with no licensing requirements or other strings attached. Use those same channels if you just want to tell me I’m wrong about whatever you come across in this post that’s…you know…wrong. I’m all about fixing the wrong stuff.

The list is vendor-neutral, sorted alphabetically. I have no personal allegiance to any of these operating systems. I’ve worked with both EOS and NX-OS in production environments. JUNOS, too, although I don’t have a Juniper virtual device on this list currently. I haven’t worked with Cumulus in production, although it’s been a passive interest for a while now.

Remember–configuration is the boring part. Select a NOS that has the networking function you’re trying to learn from whichever vendor. Don’t get hung up too much on the interface. The possible exception to this is if you’re working on a vendor-specific certification instead of learning core networking.

Arista vEOS/cEOS

What is it?

vEOS is a virtualized version of Arista’s EOS network operating system that runs on various hypervisors. cEOS is a containerized version. EOS is what Arista hardware runs.

How do I obtain the image?

  1. Create an Arista account & log in via https://www.arista.com/en/login.
  2. Support > Software Download, currently https://www.arista.com/en/support/software-download.
  3. I do not manage any Arista hardware at the moment, so the only software images available to me are the vEOS and cEOS images for lab use in the yellow folders near the bottom of the page. Perfect.

What are the default credentials?

Arista vEOS default credentials are admin with no password.

Where is the documentation?

The most current Arista EOS System Configuration Guide aka User Guide is here.

What can I do with the image?

As of EOS version 4.25.2F, features interesting to networking lab enthusiasts include STP, LLDP, MLAG, IPv4, IPv6, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, IS-IS, BGP, BFD, IGMP, PIM, MSDP, AVB, VXLAN, EVPN, MPLS and segment routing. This is not a comprehensive list.

EOS also offers several automation-friendly interfaces/APIs, including NETCONF, RESTCONF, and JSON RPC.

Arista also offers an Ansible Collection For Arista Validated Designs. This site also lists some AVD gotchas related to working with vEOS, because hey, virtual data plane. Hattip to Carl Buchmann for sharing these AVD resources.

Arista-vEOS#show version
 vEOS
Hardware version:
Serial number:
Hardware MAC address: 5000.00d0.a518
System MAC address: 5000.00d0.a518

Software image version: 4.25.2F
Architecture: x86_64
Internal build version: 4.25.2F-20711308.4252F
Internal build ID: b4cde231-5ba5-41e3-b93f-6be316e86b5a

Uptime: 0 weeks, 0 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
Total memory: 2006880 kB
Free memory: 910720 kB

Arista-vEOS(config)#?
  aaa                     Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
  address                 Global address locking config commands
  agent                   Configure agent settings
  alias                   Add a command alias
  application             Configure application
  arp                     ARP config commands
  banner                  Configure system banners
  boot                    System boot configuration
  class-map               Configure Class Map
  clock                   Configure the system clock
  container-manager       Configure Container Manager
  cvx                     Configure controller services
  daemon                  Configure a new daemon process
  dcbx                    Configure DCBX
  dhcp                    DHCP configuration
  dns                     Domain Name System configuration
  dot1x                   IEEE 802.1X port authentication
  dynamic                 Configure dynamic prefix-list
  email                   Configure email client
  enable                  Enable-privilege related configuration
  end                     Leave config mode
  environment             Configure environment parameters
  errdisable              Configure error disable functionality
  etba                    Ebra Test Bridge configuration commands
  event-handler           Event-handler config commands
  event-monitor           Enable event-monitor agent
  flow                    Global flow configuration commands
  group                   Configure Group
  hardware                Configure hardware-specific parameters
  hostname                Configure the system hostname
  interface               Interface Configuration
  ip                      Global IP configuration commands
  ipv6                    Configuration for IPv6
  lacp                    Set Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) parameters
  line                    Line system settings
  link                    Configure link state tracking information
  lldp                    Set Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) parameters
  load-balance            Load balancing configuration
  load-interval           Specify global interval for load calculation on interfaces
  logging                 Configure logging
  mac                     Global MAC configuration commands
  maintenance             Configure Maintenance mode parameters
  management              Configure management services
  match-list              Configure a match list to filter data
  mcs                     Configure Media Control Service
  mlag                    MLAG configuration
  mld                     Multicast Listener Discovery commands
  mls                     MLS global commands
  monitor                 Monitor configuration commands
  mpls                    Global MPLS configuration commands
  nexthop-group           Specify nexthop group name
  ntp                     Configure NTP
  openflow                OpenFlow configuration
  patch                   Configure pseudowire patch
  peer-filter             peer-filter
  performance-monitoring  Set performance-monitoring parameters
  platform                Configure platform-specific debug parameters
  policy-map              Configure Policy Map
  port-channel            Configure port-channel parameters
  power                   Configure power supplies
  priority-flow-control   Configure PFC
  prompt                  Configure the CLI prompt
  ptp                     Precision Time Protocol
  qos                     Configure QoS parameters
  radius-server           Modify RADIUS parameters
  redundancy              Configure supervisor redundancy
  role                    Role
  route-map               route-map
  router                  Routing protocol commands
  schedule                Configure a CLI command to be run periodically
  service                 Configure service parameters
  sflow                   sFlow configuration
  snmp-server             Modify SNMP engine parameters
  spanning-tree           Spanning tree protocol
  storm-control           Configure storm-control
  switch                  Configure switching behavior
  switchport              Set switching mode characteristics
  system                  Change system-wide configuration
  tacacs-server           Modify TACACS+ parameters
  tcpdump                 Monitor packets with tcpdump
  terminal                Configure terminal parameters
  trace                   Configure trace settings
  traceroute              Traceroute command
  track                   Configure a tracked object
  traffic-policies        Configure traffic policies
  transceiver             configure transceiver settings
  tunnel-ribs             Tunnel RIBs configuration
  username                Set up a user account
  virtual-cable           Configure virtual cable parameters
  vlan                    VLAN commands
  vmtracer                Configure VmTracer session
  vrf                     Configure VRFs
  vrrp                    Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
  vxlan                   Configure global VXLAN parameters
  ----------------------------------------
  default                 Set a command to its defaults
  exit                    Leave Configure mode
  no                      Disable the command that follows

Arista-vEOS(config)#router ?
  bfd                  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
  bgp                  Border Gateway Protocol
  general              Protocol independent routing configuration
  igmp                 IGMP related status and configuration
  isis                 Intermediate System - Intermediate System (IS-IS)
  kernel               Routes installed by kernel
  l2-vpn               l2-vpn configuration
  msdp                 MSDP protocol commands
  multicast            Multicast routing commands
  ospf                 OSPF protocol
  ospfv3               OSPF Version 3
  pim                  Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
  rip                  Routing Information Protocol
  traffic-engineering  Traffic-engineering global config

Arista-vEOS(config)#mpls ?
  fec       FEC configuration
  icmp      MPLS ICMP configuration
  ip        Enable MPLS IP routing globally
  label     Specify label range allocations
  ldp       LDP configuration
  next-hop  MPLS next-hop configuration
  oam       MPLS Operations, Administration, and Management configuration
  ping      MPLS Ping and Traceroute configuration
  rsvp      RSVP configuration
  static    Static MPLS configuration commands
  tunnel    Tunnel configuration commands

Arista-vEOS(config)#

How do I install the image in my lab?

EVE-NG How-to

GNS3 Appliance

vEOS/cEOS GNS3 Labs

Cisco Nexus 9000v Switch

What is it?

The Cisco Nexus 9000v switch is a virtualized version of the NX-OS network operating system that runs on Nexus 9300 and 9500 switches. This is a heavy image. I find that it takes several minutes to boot and makes my chassis fan kick up on a system running a 2020 i9 with 10 cores. When I shut the image back down, my neighbor’s lights recover from the brownout.

Hattip to Ivan Pepelnjak for pointing this image out to me.

How do I obtain the image?

  1. Fire up https://www.cisco.com. Click through the person icon in the upper right and do the needful to create an account and login.
  2. Support & Learn > Support & Training > Downloads > All Downloads, or go directly to https://software.cisco.com/download/home.
  3. In Select a Product, search for Nexus 9000v. You should get back a single result of Nexus 9000v Switch.
  4. Once you click through, you’ll get back a list of 9000v images, none of which require a support contract to download. The images span various NX-OS families in the 7, 9, and 10 trains. I don’t have a recommendation on which ones to get. Why choose? Get them all in the flavor that works with your hypervisor.

What are the default credentials?

Nexus 9000v default credentials are admin with a password you set during initial configuration at the CLI when prompted.

Where is the documentation?

Cisco Nexus 9000 Configuration Guides (and there are many) are here. Note that there are docs on the list specifically for the 9000v, useful if you wish to know the limitations of the virtual image you’re hacking around on.

What can I do with the image?

There is a large list of features that can be enabled or disabled at the NXOS CLI. Here’s output from an instance of Nexus 9000v 10.1(1).

9000v(config)# show version
Cisco Nexus Operating System (NX-OS) Software
TAC support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Documents: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps9372/tsd_products_support_serie
s_home.html
Copyright (c) 2002-2021, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The copyrights to certain works contained herein are owned by
other third parties and are used and distributed under license.
Some parts of this software are covered under the GNU Public
License. A copy of the license is available at
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html.

Nexus 9000v is a demo version of the Nexus Operating System

Software
  BIOS: version
  NXOS: version 10.1(1)
  BIOS compile time:
  NXOS image file is: bootflash:///nxos.10.1.1.bin
  NXOS compile time:  2/14/2021 15:00:00 [02/15/2021 01:41:40]

Hardware
  cisco Nexus9000 C9300v Chassis
   with 8155008 kB of memory.
  Processor Board ID 9IFMH4B4FDQ
  Device name: switch
  bootflash:    4287040 kB

Kernel uptime is 0 day(s), 0 hour(s), 22 minute(s), 55 second(s)

Last reset
  Reason: Unknown
  System version:
  Service:

plugin
  Core Plugin, Ethernet Plugin

Active Package(s):

9000v(config)# feature ?
  analytics               Enable/Disable Analytics!!!
  bash-shell              Enable/Disable bash-shell
  bfd                     Bfd
  bgp                     Enable/Disable Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
  container-tracker       Enable/Disable NXOS Container Tracker
  dhcp                    Enable/Disable DHCP Manager
  dot1x                   Enable/Disable dot1x
  eigrp                   Enable/Disable Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
  epbr                    Enable/Disable Enhanced Policy Based Routing (EPBR)
  evb                     Enable/Disable Edge Virtual Bridge (EVB)
  evmed                   Enable/Disable Generic event detectors
  fabric                  Enable/Disable Fabric Services
  grpc                    Enable/Disable grpc Services
  hsrp                    Enable/Disable Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
  imp                     Enable/Disable IMP
  interface-vlan          Enable/Disable interface vlan
  isis                    Enable/Disable IS-IS Unicast Routing Protocol (IS-IS)
  itd                     Enable/Disable ITD
  lacp                    Enable/Disable LACP
  ldap                    Enable/Disable ldap
  license                 License related commands
  lldp                    Enable/Disable LLDP
  mpls                    Enable/Disable MPLS Services
  msdp                    Enable/Disable Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
  nat                     Enable/Disable NAT
  nbm                     Enable/Disable Non Blocking Multicast (NBM) feature
  netconf                 Enable/Disable netconf Services
  netflow                 Enable/Disable NetFlow
  ngmvpn                  Enable/Disable EVPN/MVPN features
  ngoam                   Enable/Disable ngoam
  ntp                     Enable/Disable NTP
  nv                      Enable/Disable VxLAN
  nxapi                   Enable/Disable nxapi
  nxsdk                   Enable/Disable nxsdk Services
  ofm                     Enable/Disable OFM
  openflow                Enable/Disable OpenFlow agent
  ospf                    Enable/Disable Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF)
  ospfv3                  Enable/Disable Open Shortest Path First Version 3 Protocol (OSPFv3)
  password                Credential(s) for the user(s)/device(s)
  pbr                     Enable/Disable Policy Based Routing(PBR)
  pim                     Enable/Disable Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
  pim6                    Enable/Disable Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) for IPv6
  pnp                     Enable/Disable PNP
  port-security           Enable/Disable port-security
  private-vlan            Enable/Disable private-vlan
  ptp                     Enable/Disable PTP
  restconf                Enable/Disable restconf Services
  rip                     Enable/Disable Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
  scheduler               Enable/Disable scheduler
  scp-server              Enable/Disable SCP server
  sflow                   Enable/Disable sFlow agent
  sftp-server             Enable/Disable SFTP server
  signature-verification  Enable image signature verification
  sla                     Enable/Disable SLA
  srv6                    Enable/Disable SRv6
  ssh                     Enable/Disable ssh
  tacacs+                 Enable/Disable tacacs+
  telemetry               Enable/Disable Telemetry
  telnet                  Enable/Disable telnet
  tunnel                  Enable/Disable Tunnel Manager
  tunnel-encryption       Enable/Disable Tunnel Encryptiontunnel-encryption
  udld                    Enable/Disable UDLD
  vn-segment-vlan-based   Enable/Disable VLAN based VN segment
  vpc                     Enable/Disable VPC (Virtual Port Channel)
  vrrp                    Enable/Disable Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
  vrrpv3                  Enable/Disable Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) version 3
  vtp                     Enable/Disable VTP

How do I install the image in my lab?

EVE-NG How-to

GNS3 Appliance

Cumulus Networks (NVIDIA) Cumulus VX

What is it?

NVidia maintains the Linux distribution Cumulus Linux, a network operating system that runs on selected whitebox networking hardware. Cumulus VX is the virtualized version of Cumulus Linux. Use Cumulus VX to explore Linux networking from the Cumulus perspective without having to buy a hardware network switch compatible with Cumulus Linux.

This image boots quietly. I didn’t notice anything on the screen for a few minutes until the login prompt finally appeared. If you’re used to Linux distros where a bunch of things fly by as the system comes up, just be patient with Cumulus VX as it boots.

How do I obtain the image?

  1. Head over to https://cumulusnetworks.com/products/cumulus-vx/.
  2. Register an account.
  3. Download the artifact appropriate to your hypervisor.

What are the default credentials?

For Cumulus VX 4.1 and earlier, default credentials are cumulus / CumulusLinux! – you are not prompted to change the default password.

For Cumulus VX 4.2 and later, default credentials are cumulus / cumulus – when you log in for the first time, you are prompted to change the default password.

Where is the documentation?

Cumulus VX Getting Started Guide

Cumulus Linux Documentation

What can I do with the image?

Cumulus Linux isn’t as full-featured as network operating systems like EOS or NX-OS. I think you’ll find that Cumulus Linux matches many common use cases, though. Here’s a listing of many of the major topics covered in the Cumulus Linux 4.3 documentation.

Cumulus Linux 4.3 User Guide
    What's New
    Quick Start Guide
    Installation Management
    System Configuration
    Layer 1 and Switch Ports
        Interface Configuration and Management
        Buffer and Queue Management
        DHCP
        802.1X Interfaces
        Prescriptive Topology Manager - PTM
        Port Security
    Layer 2
        Link Layer Discovery Protocol
        Ethernet Bridging - VLANs
        Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree - STP
        Storm Control
        Bonding - Link Aggregation
        Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation - MLAG
        LACP Bypass
        Virtual Router Redundancy - VRR and VRRP
        IGMP and MLD Snooping
    Network Virtualization
        Ethernet Virtual Private Network - EVPN
        Virtualization Integrations
        VXLAN Active-active Mode
        VXLAN Routing
        Bridge Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling
        Static VXLAN Tunnels
        VXLAN Scale
        VXLAN Tunnel DSCP Operations
        Hybrid Cloud Connectivity with QinQ and VXLANs
    Layer 3
        Routing
        FRRouting
        Border Gateway Protocol - BGP
        Open Shortest Path First - OSPF
        VRFs
        Protocol Independent Multicast - PIM
        GRE Tunneling
        Network Address Translation - NAT
        Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - BFD
        Address Resolution Protocol - ARP
    Monitoring and Troubleshooting
    Network Solutions

cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ net show version
NCLU_VERSION=1.0-cl4.3.0u4
DISTRIB_ID="Cumulus Linux"
DISTRIB_RELEASE=4.3.0
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Cumulus Linux 4.3.0"
cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$

And here’s a truncated (as indicated by the …) list of things you can see via “net show”. Gives you a different sense of what features are available to you in Cumulus Linux 4.3.

cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ net show
ERROR: Command not found.

    net show
             ^ Invalid value here.

The following commands contain keyword(s) 'show'

    net show (dhcp-snoop|dhcp-snoop6) table [json]
    net show bfd [detail] [json]
    net show bgp ...
    net show bridge ...
    net show clag ...
    net show commit (history||last)
    net show configuration ...
    net show counters [json]
    net show debugs
    net show dot1x ...
    net show evpn ...
    net show hostname [json]
    net show igmp ...
    net show interface ...
    net show ip ...
    net show ipv6 ...
    net show lldp [] [json]
    net show mpls ...
    net show mroute ...
    net show msdp ...
    net show neighbor [] [ipv4|ipv6||] [json]
    net show ospf ...
    net show ospf6 ...
    net show package version [] [json]
    net show pbr ...
    net show pim ...
    net show port-mirror session (<0-7>|all) [json]
    net show port-security [] [json]
    net show ptp 
    net show roce config [json]
    net show rollback ...
    net show route ...
    net show route-map []
    net show snmp-server status [json]
    net show system ...
    net show time ...
    net show version [json]
    net show vrf ...
    net show vrrp [<1-255>] [json]
    net system maintenance show status

cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$

How do I install the image in my lab?

EVE-NG How-to

GNS3 Appliance

Final Thoughts

No Juniper in the list, Ethan? Really?

I was planning to include Juniper vSRX3 in this list, as the image is downloadable without a support contract. However, after reading through the licensing related documentation, I’ve opted out. There is no “hey, this is a free image for your lab” sort of option that I could detect. Juniper wants you to install a 60 day eval license…which is available for free. I’m just not interested in fussing with licensing without a good reason. That good reason might be you’re working on a Juniper certification, in which case…hey, go nuts. I get it.

Another Juniper option is the vQFX, which is exactly intended to be an evaluation and lab sort of tool from what I can tell. However, I tried to download the PFE and RE images required, and I could not get the access with my Juniper user account. The “ha ha ha NO” page I was getting said I’d have to request the access through a special process. I remember trying this some months back and not having much luck, although I have forgotten the details of why it didn’t work out. Maybe I didn’t want the headache of making a phone call or opening a ticket and so didn’t even try. That sounds like me.

In any case, the idea here is to have friction-free access to images for lab purposes. If the vendor is making me jump through hoops beyond simply building a portal account, I don’t want to play along. That said, I know some folks at Juniper. I’m sure I can get this problem solved. But what I’m trying to do for this post is reflect the experience anyone can have, and not lean into the fact that I know some people.

Arista & nVidia Cumulus the most friction-free experiences.

Arista and nVidia Cumulus made it easy to get the images. Create an account. Get the images. Here’s documentation to get you going. They grasp that network engineers trying to figure things out don’t want to get sucked into a sales funnel, deal with licensing, or otherwise have to fuss. They want to be free to figure out what they need to figure out without interference. Will that result in sales for vendors? You bet.

As I poked around vEOS specifically, I’m surprised at just how many features are there. Especially catching my interest is segment routing and EVPN. Neither of those are especially new technologies, and there are plenty of use cases…which would be why they appear in the EOS feature set, I suppose. 😉 Still, nice to just have them there. If you were to dig around the Cisco network operating system family, what features are available in which product family and at which licensing level gets a bit difficult to track.

Cisco could do better.

The NX-OS 9000v switch images aren’t really what I want from Cisco. NX-OS is fine. It’s powerful. The download experience was exactly what I was looking for. But it’s heavy and a bit…specific. I really want IOS. IOS-XE. Even IOS-XR is nice to have lab access to, as XR is what I think of as the most grown-up Cisco network operating system.

Yes, I am a Cisco CML subscriber, and have used the images supplied with that subscription at length. That satisfies most of what I am asking for in the previous paragraph. However, access to CML and the image library is $200 per year, a hardship for many folks. In addition, Cisco has not refreshed these images in the 3+ years I’ve had a subscription, I don’t believe. (I could be wrong here.) The images work well enough, and the CPU and memory footprint is small for the vIOS L2 and L3 images at least. I have few complaints with them. But the expense paired with that increasingly stale smell means I don’t want to put the CML image library on this list.

Lab GUIs are getting tiring.

I have used GNS3 for a long time, going back to I suppose 2010 or even earlier. I don’t honestly remember when I migrated from learning on actual hardware to virtual labs using GNS3. But of late, I’ve struggled madly with GNS3 stability on OS X. The fat client loses contact with the lab VM and I never know what state the lab will be in when I manage to get back into it. Lately, upgrading to the latest GNS3 client and VM versions have made the problems worse and not better. I blame Apple, as Catalina and now Big Sur have been headaches. Apple keeps changing stuff (major stuff) under the hood, and the dev community struggles to keep up. I feel that.

Even so, I’ve lost a few hours of GNS3 work due mostly to client crashes. I had a stable GNS3 on OS X setup for a while, but I’ve also had to keep upgrading Big Sur to solve other problems, which seemed to break GNS3 again. (Thanks, Apple.) Seeking stability, I have been using EVE-NG for the last couple of weeks. I fire up the VM on Fusion, and it just runs. The client is HTTP via a browser to the VM, and not a fat client. Everything happens server side, I believe. Thus far, I’m able to run the EVE-NG VM with a live lab for days with no memory leaks or other strangeness, and the experience is fine. In some ways, EVE-NG is not as polished as GNS3, and in other ways it’s a superior experience. But for the moment, I’m getting things done in EVE-NG on OS X. Good enough.

Long term, I’ve been wanting to get away from UI lab managers altogether, since all they are good for is firing up a VM for you and giving you an easy way to do plumbing between the VMs. There’s a bit more to it, admittedly. Still, we’re mostly talking about glorified KVM management for those qcow2 images that are mostly what I use lately. What I really want is Ansible or other automation tooling to stand up the environment for me, do some plumbing, and slap some IPs and maybe port descriptions on links. I just haven’t gotten to figuring out how to do that, although I discovered today that maybe I don’t have to. Ivan Pepelnjak told me about his Network Simulation Tools project that looks like it does exactly what I want. I just need to do the work to figure it out.


This post has gone on long enough. Happy labbing, fellow networkers.

Filed Under: Hands OnPublished on ethancbanks.com.

Have You Read…?

  1. What Does An ‘R’ Before A String Mean In Python?
  2. How To Pass API Query Parameters In A Curl Request
  3. Synology Running Out Of Space? Empty The Recycle Bin.
  4. Free Networking Lab Images From Arista, Cisco, nVidia (Cumulus)
  5. How To Create A Python Function You Can Call From Other Scripts
  6. How To Use Grep + Regex To Match Non-200 HTTP Status Codes In Apache Server Logs
  7. When Stretching Layer Two, Separate Your Fate
  8. How To: Simple Juniper SRX Rate-Limiting via Policer
  9. Using AppleScript To Size A Window To 16×9 On MacOS
  10. Auto-Adding Routes When Mac PPTP Connection Comes Up

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